HISTORY OF THE JEEP

The Bantam Car Company won the opening round of the contest to satisfy the US army's 1940 specification for a light four wheel drive but Willys Overland won the battle and, some would say, the war. To ensure supply in war-time the Army decided on a second supplier - Ford. Between 1941 and 1945 Willys and Ford built about 700,000 of the vehicle.

Easiest ways to tell a Ford GPW from a Willys MB:

The Willys chassis front Cross-member is tubular, whereas the Ford cross-member is an inverted U section. Other ways include looking at the tops of all the nuts and bolts, Fords should all be script F marked, though this is not reliable as some restorers replace all the nuts and bolts with new ones. Most of the panels on a Ford Jeep will be stamped with a script F somewhere or another. For example in the middle of the seat frames (back panel), top of the mud guards, on the bonnet hinge, on the rear foot rests, even on the reflectors for some models. I think that the Ford Motor Co. made sure that their stamp was on every sub-assembly of their vehicles.

Willys Overland Jeep MB : Specifications

soft-top, 2+2 seats, what doors?

loa: 132", 

width: 62", 

height: 52" (steering wheel) - 72" (soft top), 

weight: 2400 (unladen)

GVM: 3200lbs nominally

2199cc petrol 4-cyls, 2 valves/cyl, side-valve

bore: 79.4mm, stroke: 111mm, c.r.: 6.48:1

transmission: 3-speed, 2-speed transfer case, part-time 4WD

suspension: beam-leaf/beam-leaf, brakes: drum/drum

tyres: 6.00x16

Go to the Bantam, Rifkind report

THE JEEP IN CIVILIAN CLOTHING

When the liberating heroes came home in 1945 they needed an all-terrain vehicle like the original Jeep CJ for adventure and family. Willys-Overland answered the call with the first all-steel station wagon, equipped with a six cylinder engine and what was to become Jeep's legendary four wheel drive.

Introduced a year after the first civilian Jeep vehicle, the Jeep CJ-2A, the Willys-Overland all-steel station wagon was an auto industry first. The new wagon provided all the capability and ruggedness of the original four-wheel-drive Jeep CJ with the practicality and increased passenger and cargo space of a station wagon.

The new 'Jeep' station wagon had pressed steel framing and three-tone paintwork which simulated the wood look. It used Jeep running gear and MB-style front sheet metal and was designed to compete against the "real" wood wagons still being manufactured by Detroit's Big Three.

The new vehicle chassis was also available in a sedan delivery truck. Four-wheel-drive would become available in these models in 1949 along with the 148 cubic-inch 'Lightening' six-cylinder engine.

THE FIFTIES

The 50s saw the introduction of the "Hurricane" engine which was then the most economical and powerful engine in its class. This was the standard engine on the wagon with the "Lightening," the optional V-6. During this time, Willys-Overland continued to sell their four-wheel drive all-steel station wagon, and even licensed out its manufacturing to companies in Japan and Argentina.

In 1953 Willys-Overland, the original developer of the Jeep vehicle, was sold to the Henry J. Kaiser interests for $60 million. This would be the beginning of Kaiser's influence on the future of 4WD sport utility as the company began an extensive research and development program that would seek to broaden Jeep products in this area. The fruits of this project would first be seen in the fall of 1962.

THE SIXTIES

In October 1962, Jeep introduced the new J-series with the Wagoneer. This vehicle was bigger than the station wagon and the first of what could properly be called a Sport Utility Vehicle.

 
The Wagoneer, powered by the first modern overhead-cam six-cylinder truck engine known as the 'Tornado-OHC' six, could also be had with an industry first automatic transmission. It was offered in two and four-wheel-drive versions.

This, along with the J-series "Gladiator" pickups, was the first fresh non-military design from the company since the all station wagon and sporty two-wheel Jeepster. Both the Wagoneer and the Gladiator found a huge market with construction, agricultural and military buyers and evolved into a niche with everyday retail buyers who wanted a good looking, all-terrain vehicle for fishing, skiing, hunting, hauling, and off-highway adventuring.

The second-generation Wagoneer also included a Super Wagoneer Station Wagon that featured three-tone body striping, vinyl roof, chrome roof rack, full wheel hubcaps, and white-walled tires. The Super Wagoneer came with four-wheel drive and power supplied from a 327-cubic inch V8, and said Kaiser Jeep, "constituted a unique and dramatic approach to the station wagon market...designed for the prestige buyer who is rapidly becoming aware of the safety and advantages of four-wheel-drive. While being the ultimate in detailed elegance, the new vehicle still has all the traditional versatility and ability of Jeep vehicles to go on or off road."

THE SEVENTIES

In the 70s, four-wheel-drive vehicles made a major leap from utility to family motoring. By the end of the decade, Ford, Chevrolet and Chrysler had all launched new vehicles for the burgeoning sport utility market.

The Jeep Wagoneer for 1972 included the biggest standard engine in the 4WD station wagon field -- a 258-cubic-inch AMC-built OHV 6-cylinder. In 1974, The Cherokee Chief became the two-door version of the Wagoneer, and there was also the larger Custom Wagoneer. A four door model of the Cherokee was available by 1977.

THE EIGHTIES

A market research program undertaken by American Motor Corporation, the Jeep brand owner at the time, culminated in the birth of the modern Cherokee.

Research had found that future markets lay in compact sport-utility vehicles. AMC then pumped $250 million into the design and production of the new compact XJ Cherokee and Wagoneer sports wagons. They were introduced to the press at Borrego Springs, California, in late 1983 and immediately received rave reviews.

The new version of the Cherokee was introduced in 1984. It was available in a two or four door wagon body style. Unit-Body construction, and a much-improved suspension lead the list of features. The four wheel leaf springs were replaced by front coil springs and rear leaf springs. The new Cherokee was much lighter and fuel efficient than the old model. Very few parts were carried over from the old models. Four Wheel Drive was optional on all models, and All Wheel Drive was available on some models. Automatic hubs were standard on all 4x4 models. The Cherokee was offered in two-door and four-door configurations.

The new Cherokee was a unique and revolutionary vehicle. It measured in 21 inches shorter, 6 inches narrower, 4 inches lower and weighed less 1,000 pounds less than the senior Jeep Wagoneer first introduced in 1962. It was the only compact sport utility to offer two-door and four-door models and it was built as a Unibody rather than using a traditional chassis and frame construction. It was named "4x4 of the Year" from three magazines in 1984. It was powered by either a four-cylinder base model or an optional 2.8-litre V-6. In 1987, a 4.0-litre V-6 would become the premium power plant.

1994 Jeep Cherokee Limited 4.0i 4x4

The base powertrain was a four speed manual transmission with the AMC 2.5l (151 cid) four cylinder engine. The 2.5l four gained fuel injection, and an optional five speed transmission for the 1986 model year. A three or four speed automatic transmission was also available with the four cylinder. A 2.8l six cylinder was also available with a five speed manual or four speed automatic transmission. The original six cylinder was not an AMC engine; it was made by General Motors. The V-6 was the same engine that was used in many Chevy and GMC Trucks, and Pontiac and Chevy Sedans. This V-6 was sold by AMC with a 2bbl carburator. 

A four cylinder Diesel was also available with either the five speed manual or four speed automatic. The Diesel engine was the Renault 2.0l Turbo-Diesel. Most of the Diesel Cherokees were sold in Canada and Europe. In 1986, a pickup truck body was added, the Commanche. It had bed rails welded onto the back of the cab in lieu of a true frame. The Commanche is probably the highest production Unit-Body pickup truck ever produced.

These configurations were available through the 1986 model year, in four body trims: base, Chief, Laredo, and Wagoneer. In 1987, the whole line was revamped, with a new six cylinder engine, and the discontinuance of the Diesel model in the United States. The new six cylinder was a 4.0l (242 cid) inline, Throttle-Body Injected engine. This engine, aside from being much more powerful and reliable than the V-6, was the last true AMC engine, based on the 2.5l four.

The Commanche was available in four trims, base, Sport, Chief, and Laredo. Sales of the Cherokee and Commanche took off in 1987; unfortunately, AMC had already agreed to the merger with Chrysler. Chrysler made few changes to the Cherokee after the takeover. Most of the changes were in the wiring for the Stereo, A/C, etc. etc. Chrysler also changed the instrument panel for the 1990 model year, but changed it back to the old AMC panel in 1993. Both engines gained Multi-Port Fuel Injection for the 1991 model year. The 2.5l went to 125 bhp, and the 4.0l went to 190 bhp.

 
Several four-wheel-drive systems, including Command-Trac and Selec-Trac, offered either part-time or full-time four-wheel traction. Various interior and exterior styling, comfort and off-road performance packages were also offered. The model line continued largely unchanged into the nineties, although many revisions and improvements were made to the Cherokee.

THE NINETIES

The 90s saw Jeep engineers develop a right-hand-drive version of the Cherokee. This produced a model that made it possible to sell to mail fleets, and to export markets in Britain, Australia and Japan. Over half of all Jeep vehicles sold overseas are Cherokees. Jeep engineers had one more model to add to this winning new range: the Grand Wagoneer Limited. It was introduced as the ultimate luxury performance model, powered by an electronically fuel-injected 5.9 litre V8 engine. But with the introduction of the Grand Cherokee in 1993, the Grand Wagoneer Limited was discontinued. 

The 1997 model year brought about the most radical changes in the Cherokee's design since it's introduction 13 years prior. The body panels were redesigned for improved aerodynamics, and the interior was changed to a more Chrysler-esque design. The interior was the most radical change, where the Cherokee's boxy, Renault-Insipried design became very rounded and modern. Chrysler plans to continue producing the Cherokee base Unit-Body unchanged through the 2000 model year. The 2 Millionth Cherokee rolled off the line at the Toledo, Ohio, plant in July 1996 with President Clinton behind the wheel.

Today, the latest version of the Cherokee combines over 50 years of engineering and technological excellence with the classic styling and practicality of a Jeep vehicle. Be sure to check out all the refinements to this American icon: an all-new interior, dual air-bags** and UniFrame construction.

JEEP LINKS:

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