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 CLIMATE CHANGE - MASS PROTESTS Dec 2005 
 
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                         Campaigners in London and Edinburgh have joined a
                        global protest taking place in 32 countries in a mass
                        call for action over climate change.
                          
                         Thousands marched through
                        London in a protest which ended at the US embassy.
                         Dozens of protesters marched to
                        the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh via the Royal Mile.
                          
                         The marches coincide with
                         UN
                        climate talks in Canada attended by Environment
                        Secretary Margaret Beckett and Environment Minister
                        Elliott Morley. 
                        
                          
                          
                           Carbon
                        billowing into the atmospher
                          
                        
                          
                         The protests were organised by
                        the Campaign Against Climate Change.  Campaigners in London went past
                        Downing Street, and a letter demanding more Government
                        commitment to emission reductions was handed in to No
                        10.
                          
                         Former environment minister
                        Michael Meacher said "I certainly think government
                        will be watching this very carefully. And I think it
                        will have an increasing impact on public opinion.
                         "I'd like to think we may
                        be doing our little bit to add to the cacophony around
                        the world in our anger at President Bush still
                        distancing himself from what the rest of us throughout
                        the world believe is absolutely necessary."
                          
                         'We are watching'
                          
                         The Edinburgh march began at
                        East Market Street at 1100 GMT and finished at the
                        Scottish Parliament about an hour later.  Green MSP Mark Ballard, who
                        addressed the protesters, said: "The eyes of future
                        generations are on Montreal.  "Across the world, more
                        than 30 protests will make sure that our leaders know
                        that we are watching them too."  He said: "Tony Blair has
                        caved in to the US approach of abandoning targets on
                        reducing emissions in favour of complacency."
                          
                             Protestors
                        march in London     The Montreal talks follow on
                        from the Kyoto Protocol, which was signed in 1997 and
                        called for 30% cuts by 2020.  Mr Meacher earlier told BBC
                        Radio 4's Today programme further reductions in
                        greenhouse gas emissions - widely thought to contribute
                        to rising temperatures - are vital.  "We need now to aim for
                        more. That is what climate change is telling us. We need
                        to say minus 25% by 2025.  "I do think it's important
                        that we don't kowtow to US demands to scrap Kyoto.
                        Because whatever concession we make to the Bush
                        administration we will get nothing in return, just like
                        we got nothing in return over Iraq."
                          
                         He said the Bush administration
                        "will never sign up to any meaningful agreement on
                        reducing greenhouse gas emissions".  Mr Meacher said it was more
                        important to sign up developing countries such as China
                        and India to climate change protocols.            " I do
                        think it's important that we don't kowtow to US demands
                        to scrap Kyoto" 
                        Michael
                        Meacher -
                        Ex-environment minister  
 
 
 Campaigners
                        target US over Kyoto -
                        the international agreement on emissions
                        coming into force on Wednesday.
                          
                          
                         Police said about 500 people
                        had marched to the United States embassy, carrying flags
                        of the 136 countries that have ratified the treaty. 
                        The US, the world's largest
                        polluter, withdrew from the treaty in 2001, citing
                        economic concerns.  The protocol, agreed in 1997,
                        sets legally-binding emissions reductions.  Nearly 180 nations have signed
                        up, but some have not yet formally ratified it.
                          
                          
                             
                          The US - the world's biggest
                          polluter - pulled out of Kyoto 2001
                          
                               
                        
                        
                         It binds industrialised nations
                        to reduce worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases by an
                        average of 5.2% below their 1990 levels over the next
                        decade.  The treaty nearly stalled after
                        the US, which created 36% of emissions in 1990, pulled
                        out.  The protocol needed to be
                        ratified by countries who were responsible for at least
                        55% of the world's carbon emissions in 1990 to come into
                        force. However, in 2004 Russia agreed to sign up,
                        allowing that requirement to be met.
                          
                         Phil
                        Thornhill, of the Campaign
                        Against Climate Change, which organised the march, said:
                        "We want to express just how aghast we are the US
                        is not joining the rest of the world.
                         "Scientists say we have
                        about 10 years to save the environment, we really have
                        to change the rate at which we act."
                          
                         Green MEP Caroline Lucas said
                        it was time to get tough with Washington.  "By refusing to sign up to
                        Kyoto, the US is demonstrating - yet again - that it is
                        a rogue state pursuing its perceived national
                        self-interest to the exclusion of the peoples of the
                        rest of the world.
                         "This is unacceptable and
                        the world community must now look at ways of holding the
                        US accountable for damage its isolationist policies are
                        inflicting on the rest of the world," she added.
                          
                         Friends of the Earth director
                        Tony Juniper said: "We are here to protest against
                        the Bush administration and celebrate the fact Kyoto
                        will come into force this week, despite the Bush
                        administration trying its hardest to kill it."
                          
                          
                           Norman
                        Baker - Former Environment spokesman, Lib Dems
                          
                             Constituency: 
                        Lewes
                         Date
                        of birth:  26 July 1957
                         Telephone: 
                        020 7219 3000 http://www.normanbaker.org.uk/   Lib Dems environment spokesman
                        Norman Baker told the crowd it was "appalling"
                        only 3% of energy in the UK came from renewable sources. 
                        But Kendra Okonski of the
                        International Policy Network, said the US was taking the
                        right route.  "Kyoto is a very bad
                        investment, because it is very costly today and only
                        brings benefits far in the future.  
                         In Edinburgh, campaigners held
                        a "climate carnival" to highlight the effects
                        of global warming.
                         Police said about 25 protesters
                        turned out.  Some were dressed as
                        mosquitoes, which they say are being found further north
                        as climate change takes effect. 
 The coming into force of the Kyoto Protocol is something to be celebrated according to Phil Thornhill, the Campaign Against Climate Change 
 
 
 CLIMATE CHANGE: KEY STORIES 
                         
                         ANALYSIS AND BACKGROUND 
   
                        Warming:
                        The evidence
                        
                         
 Greens enjoying political climate - 05 Nov 05 | Scotland 'Vague' targets on climate change -- 30 Jun 05 | Scotland 'Action' call over climate change - 18 May 05 | Scotland Call for action as Kyoto begins - 16 Feb 05 | Scotland Green campaigners go on the march - 12 Feb 05 | Scotland Climate talks - hoops and hot air - 26 Nov 05 | Science/Nature 
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 GLOBAL CHALLENGE 
 Climate change is a global challenge and requires a global solution. Greenhouse gas emissions have the same impact on the atmosphere whether they originate in Washington, London or Beijing. Consequently, action by one country to reduce emissions will do little to slow global warming unless other countries act as well. Ultimately, an effective strategy will require commitments and action by all the major emitting countries. 
 The international response to climate change was launched in 1992, at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, with the signing of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The Convention established a long-term objective of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere "at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system". It also set a voluntary goal of reducing emissions from developed countries to 1990 levels by 2000 - a goal that most countries did not meet. 
 Recognizing that stronger action was needed, countries negotiated the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which sets binding targets to reduce emissions 5.2 percent below 1990 levels by 2012. The Protocol entered into force on February 16, 2005, which made the Protocol's emissions targets binding legal commitments for those industrialized countries that ratified it (the United States and Australia have not ratified it). In addition, the market-based mechanisms established under the Protocol, including international emissions trading and the Clean Development Mechanism, became fully operational with the Protocol's entry into force. 
 Attention now is turning to strengthening the international framework for the years following the Kyoto Protocol's initial commitment period (2008 - 2012). The overriding challenge is to forge an agreement that includes all major emitting countries - both developed and developing - and begins signficant long-term reductions in global emissions. In 2003, the Pew Center engaged more than 100 experts, policymakers, and stakeholders from nearly three dozen countries to address this issue. This initiative continues with the Climate Dialogue at Pocantico, a series of off-line discussions among 25 senior policymakers and stakeholders from 15 countries exploring options for next steps in the international climate effort. The final report of the Pocantico dialogue was released on November 15, 2005. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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